Thanks to Dr. Patrick Poquiz for an outstanding presentation of AIDS related pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma.

Learning Points:

• Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (KS) can present shortness of breath, fever, cough, and hemoptysis. The incidence of KS increases as CD4 count decreases, and KS may be associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS).
• Diagnosis of KS is definitively made by biopsy, however a presumptive diagnosis can be made by presence of characteristic cutaneous, mucosal, or visceral lesions.
• The mainstay of treatment of KS include highly active antiretroviral therapy, but systemic chemotherapy with daunorubicin or doxorubicin may be required with widespread disease.
• Click here for a NEJM review article on KS.